Mark 13:1-8
When I arrived at the Park Church a little over three years ago, I was surprised to see Roger Williams and Albert Schweitzer enshrined in the stained glass. They are not normally among the dead white guys in the gallery of dead white guys you’ll find in every church in the Congregationalist tradition.
I mean, Williams was a leading Baptist, and the Baptist Church was across the street! And Schweitzer played an important role in how United Church of Christ pastors think about Jesus, but few outside of the academy would know that.
Then I was told that while he was an important religious thinker and a Nobel Peace Laureate, Schweitzer was there for his contributions to music. Which makes sense given Bach on the opposite side of the sanctuary. Still, you’re going to hear about the Jesus part, not the music part, because I am definitely a pastor and definitely not a musician.
Schweitzer was an early leader in what is sometimes called “the quest for the historical Jesus.” New discoveries have been made since that quest started over a century ago, new ways of thinking including postmodernism have risen to prominence, but the fundamental question has remained the same. If we strip away all of the later theology and dogma, who was the real man who led a religious reform movement in Galilee and eventually died in Jerusalem?
This is difficult because we have no first hand accounts of Jesus, and only two brief mentions of him outside of Christians texts, one in “The Antiquities of the Jews” written by Josephus in 94 C.E., and one in “Annals” by the Roman senator and historian Tacitus around 116 C.E. Neither has much detail, and Josephus is notoriously unreliable, an ancient and self-serving turncoat. And we know how unreliable turncoats are, people who criticize demagogues one moment and praise them the next
The gospels themselves were also written decades after the execution of Jesus. What we think is the earliest of the four canonical gospels, the Gospel According to Mark, may have been written around 70 C.E., and tradition tells us the author was a follower of Peter, writing down the stories with no certainty about the chronology, and possibly little knowledge of the geography.
Since Mark serves as a source for Luke and the unknown authors of Matthew, any errors in that text are likely duplicated in the other two. And that is before you add on decades and eventually centuries of theological interpretation, in which people see in scripture what they have been told they will see in scripture, whether it is actually there or not, or translate the ancient languages based on what they want them to mean.
When Mark was written might matter, especially in regard to today’s text. In 66 C.E., Jews rebelled against Rome. This was the third time Jerusalem was the center of a violent rebellion against an occupying power. The first, against Babylon, was a disaster, resulting in the destruction of the city and Temple and the period we call the Babylonian Captivity.
The sequel, a rebellion against the Seleucid Empire, resulted in a surprising victory, though the rural outsiders who took over as high priests and kings proved corrupt and inept, and their independent Jewish state would soon fail, for nations don’t always survive their bad rulers.
This third installment was much like the first, no victory, not even in the short-term. Jewish factions kept bickering among themselves, failing to focus on Rome, the common enemy. They even managed to burn their own food supply in a besieged Jerusalem. In 70 C.E., the city fell yet again, the Temple once again destroyed, never to be rebuilt.
It is possible that Jesus did predict this second destruction of the Temple. After all, there was precedent, and the situation was at a breaking point. In the years after the execution of Jesus, the region suffered severe drought, reported in both the Christian Testament and the historical record. That was one of the sparks that lit the conflagration, along with greed in an unjust economic system and unhinged leaders in Rome.
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